ADHD, Ritalin, Families, and Pharmaceutical Companies Essay

ADHD, Ritalin, Families, and Pharmaceutical Companies In todays fast-paced society, it seems that prescription drugs are a more reasonable and reliable solution for children and adults than diet and exercise for the disease known as ADHD. Rather than take the time to play with their children, or institute a proper diet, it seems that increasing numbers of parents would rather treat their childrens unexplained zest for life with pills and doctors. While there are some explanations and reasons for the diagnosis of this popular disease, most children are improperly diagnosed, and are therefore taking unneeded medication. This medication is costly and it can be argued those who benefit from the sale of these drugs most are the†¦show more content†¦According to the National Institute of Mental Health (2004) signs of ADHD become noticeable in children during their preschool and early years of school. It is estimated that 3 to 5 percent of children have ADHD, which is roughly about 2 million children in the United States. This means t hat 1 child out of a classroom that has 25-30 students in it will have ADHD. The NIMH (2004) has stated this in their article on ADHD that Dr. Heinrich Hoffman first described it in 1845. He was a physician who wrote books on medicine and psychiatry, he also wrote books for children. He described the disease in a book he was writing to his son, he wrote The Story of Fidgety Phillip which described a little boy with the exact symptoms of what would be known today as ADHD. It was not until 1902 that Sir George F. Still published a lecture to the Royal College of Physicians in London about impulsive children with behavioral problems that he stated were caused by a genetic dysfunction and not by poor education. Since then many studies have been done on the cause, symptoms, and treatment of ADHD. There is no real evidence of what causes ADHD. There have been many theories and hypothesis on the subject but no real concrete evidence of what causes the disease or how to prevent it. According to WebMDHealth (2004) inherited genetic factors is the most common theory on the cause of ADHD, certain brain activity lead scientist to believe that a certain abnormalShow MoreRelatedAdhd And Its Effects On Children1723 Words   |  7 Pages Though the disease of ADHD affects every child differently, doctors utilize the same guidelines for each child in determining if the symptoms results in ADHD. According to Alan Schwarz, the rising number of diagnoses makes ADHD the second most prevalent disease in children besides asthma. Over the past twenty years, the number of children diagnosed with ADHD has risen to 3.5 million compared to 600,000 in 1990 (Schwarz A1). The families affected by ADHD rely heavily on their physicians to accuratelyRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( A dhd ) A Real Disorder?1001 Words   |  5 PagesIs Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) a Real Disorder? The topic discussed is regarding ADD/ADHD, Attention Deficit Disorder or Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder, and whether it is a true mental health disorder. ADD/ADHD has been a more recent diagnosis, used mostly in children, describing symptoms of learning disabilities or the inability to focus on tasks. The first article presented is an informational article discussing the potential causes of the disorder. Also consideredRead More ADD and ADHD Essay1543 Words   |  7 PagesADD and ADHD Although American culture has changed over the years, parents today still want what is best for their children. Why then, are parents allowing their children to be put on medications that may have an adverse effect on their children? Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) have increasingly been diagnosed among young children today. Parents should become more informed about the over diagnosing, side effects, results of the medication andRead MoreRitalin and Aderall1599 Words   |  7 Pagesi. Diagnosis of ADHD ADHD is a condition which affects multiple areas of functioning. Because of the widespread diagnosis this disease keeps doctors, pharmaceutical businesses, and teachers employed. According to Diller (2008), the use of drugs like Ritalin is at rates never seen before in this country or anywhere else. Diller also states that â€Å"we medicate our children with psychiatric drugs ten or twenty times more than countries of Western Europe (pg50).† Many children are said to be made unhappyRead MoreSolving the Ritalin Riddle2237 Words   |  9 PagesSadly, 75 out of 100 children who visit a psychiatrists office for the very first time, leave with at least one prescription for ADD or ADHD. Kirk Martin, Founder of educational foundation Celebrate! ADHD, states â€Å"We must change everything else-our attitudes and expectations, diet and nutrition, the way we reach and teach kids-before we change our children through medication.† Parents of children whose behavior is regarded as difficult or out of control are encouraged to believe their child hasRead MoreThe Proper Treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder1305 Words   |  6 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is thought to effect between two and seven percent of all childhood population, and roughly five percent of all adults. (Heal and Pierce 713-738, Weiss and Weiss 27-37) Kids and adults with ADHD exhibit a wide variety of symptoms ranging from inattention to impulsivity to hyperactivity, all of which can be treated with a correct application of modern medicine. (Jones 12-20) But as concerned parents look harder at modern treatments many begins to raiseRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay1623 Words   |  7 Pages Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a condition many children and young adult are diagnosed with today. ADHD is caused by the lack of focus, being overactive, or not being able to control certain behavior. There are many symptoms shown that can lead towards the diagnoses of ADHD, but there are no test that can be used to diagnose the disorder in children and young adults. As more people seem to develop the issue, the central question of, â€Å"Is the disorder even needed?†, comes to mind. OneRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )853 Words   |  4 Pagesacronym as ADHD, is one of the â€Å"hot topics† constantly being discussed in today’s psychological field. Interestingly, the debate is on whether or not ADHD is a real mental disorder. The community is divided into two distinct groups. One group believes that ADHD is a real mental disorder and should be treated as such. Others, however, believe that ADHD isn’t a disorder at a ll, rather it is a ploy driven by the pharmaceutical companies in order to increase sales of stimulants such as Ritalin. Within thisRead MoreChildren Should Be Prescribed Medication1879 Words   |  8 Pagesthe first form of ADHD was â€Å"discovered† as what was considered a defect in the moral character of a youth. This later progressed as minimal brain damage, hyperactivity and finally as Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, one of the more well known behavioural issues for which children are prescribed Ritalin and Adderall. Aside from medications for ADHD, there are also emotional and behavioral issues that warrant a different type of family of drugs; the psychotropic family which include ProzacRead MoreThe Prevalence And Overprescription Of Adhd Drugs3134 Words   |  13 Pagesabout the prevalence and overprescription of ADHD drugs in the US. It highlights my ability to construct a logical, concise argument as well as my interest in writing about science for a la rger audience. America s Need for Speed Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, commonly referred to as ADHD, is the most commonly diagnosed mental disorder among minors in the United States according to the journal of Policy History (309). Treatment for ADHD as a mental illness involves behavioral conditioning

Negritude Movement Sample Essay Example For Students

Negritude Movement Sample Essay During the Negritude Movement. poets had many different ways to show what they thought about faith and races. These poets used their verse forms to show how they felt about these subjects. Guy Tirolien and Bernard Dadie used their poesy to show their religion in the Lord and what they thought he could make to impact lives. This is shown in the verse forms â€Å"A Little Black Boy’s Prayer† and â€Å"I Thank You. Lord. † In both Negritude verse form. the chief character is speaking to the same individual and besides giving recognition to that individual for doing their lives the manner they are. In both Tirolien’s and Dadie’s verse forms. the character is speaking to the Lord. In â€Å"A Little Black Boy’s Prayer. † the male child says. â€Å"Lord. I don’t want to travel to their school any longer. † ( Tirolien lines 5. 20 ) This is of import to the verse form because it shows that he non merely believes in God. but he besides communicates to the Lord. He is speaking to the Lord and stating him about everything he does non wish about the new school he is go toing. Likewise. in â€Å"I Thank You. Lord. † the chief character is besides talking to the Lord. We know this non merely from the rubric of the verse form. but besides when he says. in the gap line. â€Å"I thank you. Lord. for doing me Black. † ( Dadie line 1 ) . In both of these verse for ms. the Lord is recognized for being responsible for what the characters have and besides being capable of altering what they have. In â€Å"A Little Black Boy’s Prayer. † the male child knows that the Lord is responsible for what he has and when he wants to alter it that is why he prays to God. He says to the Lord. â€Å"Fix it. delight. so I don’t have to. † ( Tirolien 6. 21 ) . He believes that the Lord is able to repair his jobs so he prays to him in hopes that his jobs will be solved. Like the male child in that verse form. the male child in â€Å"I Thank You. Lord† besides recognizes what the Godhead does. He is able to recognize that what he has is because of the Lord. The male child says. â€Å"For holding made me the amount of all heartaches. for holding put upon my caput the World. † ( Dadie 2-5 ) . He recognizes that the Lord gave him everything that he has and made him who he is. He does non desire anything to alter so he is non inquiring for a hole. but he knows that he is lucky to hold what he wants because of the Lord. Both of these similarities have to mak e with the Lord and faith which was of import to the Negritude poesy. Although there are similarities between these two verse forms. there are many differences every bit good. The biggest difference between these two is the attitude and tone of the male childs. In â€Å"A Little Black Boy’s Prayer. † the male child is non happy with his life and what is traveling on in it. The whole verse form is him inquiring the Lord to alter what he has. Multiple times throughout the verse form he says â€Å"I want†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( Tirolien 7. 10. 12 ) . This shows he is non happy with what he has. He wants a alteration in his life and he wants that alteration to come from the Lord. Tirolien ends the verse form with â€Å"Lord. I don’t want no more school. † ( Tirolien 49 ) . The alteration that the male child is looking for from the Lord is to non hold to travel to school. He wants the alteration in his life to be that he gets to be back with the black people and non be in school with the white childs any longer. The male child from â₠¬Å"I Thank You. Lord. † nevertheless. has a different sentiment on his ain life. Not merely does he thank the Lord multiple times for holding made him black. he besides uses words like â€Å"content† ( Dadie 11 ) â€Å"satisfied† ( Dadie 14 ) and â€Å"pleased† ( Dadie 17 ) to depict how he feels about his life. He uses these words to demo what he is all right with on his organic structure and what each thing is made for. He has a much difference attitude about his life. Unlike the other male child. this boy likes everything that God has given him and he does non wish to alter it. or to hold god â€Å"fix it. † .ubec88be9f38b928ed80356b4afb181ae , .ubec88be9f38b928ed80356b4afb181ae .postImageUrl , .ubec88be9f38b928ed80356b4afb181ae .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubec88be9f38b928ed80356b4afb181ae , .ubec88be9f38b928ed80356b4afb181ae:hover , .ubec88be9f38b928ed80356b4afb181ae:visited , .ubec88be9f38b928ed80356b4afb181ae:active { border:0!important; } .ubec88be9f38b928ed80356b4afb181ae .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubec88be9f38b928ed80356b4afb181ae { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubec88be9f38b928ed80356b4afb181ae:active , .ubec88be9f38b928ed80356b4afb181ae:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubec88be9f38b928ed80356b4afb181ae .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubec88be9f38b928ed80356b4afb181ae .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubec88be9f38b928ed80356b4afb181ae .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubec88be9f38b928ed80356b4afb181ae .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubec88be9f38b928ed80356b4afb181ae:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubec88be9f38b928ed80356b4afb181ae .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubec88be9f38b928ed80356b4afb181ae .ubec88be9f38b928ed80356b4afb181ae-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubec88be9f38b928ed80356b4afb181ae:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bingo Long Traveling EssayBoth Tirolien and Dadie were able to show how they felt about the things discussed during the Negritude Movement. They used poesy to explicate their positions on the ideas of people during this motion.

An Everything Bagel World Professor Ramos Blog

An Everything Bagel World I grew up in Southern California and describe it as a â€Å"everything bagel state,† it has different colors of people, different beliefs, and different sexual orientations, we have a little bit of everything. It was easy for me to except that we were all different, this is all I knew. At a Young age, around 6 or 7 I learned that sometimes guys like other guys and girls like other girls, â€Å"gay† and â€Å"lesbian†. This was something I didn’t put too much thought into, I just thought everyone likes what they like and that’s just how the world goes. Obviously, as I got older, I learned that some people don’t accept it as easily as I do. When I was about 20 years old, I received a phone call from my very close cousin whom I grew up with and was like a brother to be me. He told me â€Å"I love you, I wanted to tell you that I’m gay and I have a boyfriend. I don’t want you to think any different about me, I’m still your same cousin.† He started crying. I did not want him to feel bad, ashamed or embarrassed about being gay, that was who he was. So, right after, I said, â€Å"I had a feeling that you were! And I love you no matter what! He wasn’t that surprised that I knew, we are very close. He kept crying and said he told his Mom and his step-dad, and they were taking it really hard. His mom was sad about it and his step-dad thought it’s horrible that he likes guys and is something that he is not going to accept. Along with that, some of his best friends that he grew up with were shocked and had deleted him on social media and stopped talking to him. I could tell by his voice that It was killing him to have this kind of reaction from people that he was close to and loved. I told him that he was a great person and if his friends dont want to be friends with him than its their loss, this is who you are, if they stop talking to you because of this, they are not your true friends. Your mom and dad, on the other hand will hopefully get it, they probably just need time to process everything. I wanted to do everything in my power to let him know that there was nothing wrong with him or his feelings, and that he had someone to be there and accept him for him. That weekend I visited my cousin to show support, to let him be open about being gay and not have to hide it anymore while being around someone, especially family. I couldn’t imagine having to hide who you are from your loved ones, or really anyone. So it was a big deal that I made him comfortable in his own skin. We talked for hours about when he first started noticing he liked guys, his first â€Å"real† crush. I asked him about his boyfriend, and asked him if he was cute, we both laughed. I asked him normal questions that anyone would ask someone about a boyfriend or girlfriend. I told him I would love to be the first to meet him. I could tell that made him happy. Soon after, I met his boyfriend who was extremely nice, and I noticed right off the bat that he was perfect for my cousin. Around that time there was a family event, but my cousin couldn’t make it. I saw my Aunt (his mom), and she said â€Å"Im sure you heard about your cousin† in a disappointed way. The way she said it honestly bugged the CRAP out of me. So with a huge smile on my face I said, â€Å"Yes! I did, and I met his boyfriend, he was so nice, they’re such a cute couple.† She had a slightly shocked look on her face because she had no idea that I had met him, or what I would think about it all. I wanted her to know that there was someone who thinks that there is absolutely nothing wrong with it and maybe it would sort of change her outlook. She told me about the hard time that she was having with it, I told her I understand, that was her little boy, but he seems really happy. And that was all I was really going to say about it. It wasn’t my place to try to convince her. His step-dad overheard us talking and said â€Å"I just I dont want to see it around me.â₠¬  There was really nothing I could say, that was how he felt and like I said, it wasn’t really my place. Time moved forward, about a year, mostly everyone accepted the fact he was gay including   his step-dad. See, his step-dad was black, and his mom was white. He told my cousin that there was a time where people didn’t accept them being together, and he didn’t want to do the same to him. His mom   became very close to his boyfriend. They both came to Christmas parties and other family events, and it became normal to everyone else, which made my cousin finally feel comfortable. A wedding ,on a beach, with our significant others, on a beautiful sunny afternoon, , with an amazing   bright red sunset sounds like a dream wedding to a lot of us.. This wedding was my cousins, he was as happy as could be. Our whole family sitting there watching was the greatest thing that he could’ve asked for. The reception was at a campground where everyone had their tents, we barbecued, played games, it was a â€Å"them† kind of ceremony. That night we briefly separated from the party and sat on the cliffs, watching the moon reflect off of the ocean. He thanked me for being there for him from the start, and that, that’s what he needed, was someone to be there for him. I told him I loved him I am happy that he is happy. Everyone is different, this whole world is and Everything Bagel, there are people going through different experiences then we are, that are trying to accept themselves and having other people accept them. Some of the time you see others putting people down, judging them and making them feel bad. Ive learned that being there for someone while they are going through a difficult time, just might be the best thing you could do for someone, because it is totally okay to be different.

Migrant Mother

Migrant Mother Some people can look at this photograph and pick a time in their lives and relate to the women in this picture. You might be able to feel the feelings that you think she's feeling. I look at this picture and see nothing. It took me awhile to finally get the feeling I think this picture is about.I think this picture means that loneliness that everyone has deep down inside them. That feeling of being lost. Not knowing what do to next or what's around the corner. The women's a tattered clothes show she's a hard worker. She constantly works for no reward in the end. Her face is aged. The expression on her face of that worried state. Wondering how she might provide for her children. She has no one else but her children. They are what keep her going.But I think she shows hope.Loneliness in America

Choose a half dozen or so theories that you have studied as a Term Paper

Choose a half dozen or so theories that you have studied as a psychology student. Describe how these theories differ from one another, or how they are similar to one another - Term Paper Example I came to know that my understanding and knowledge of those theories was not the only one. There are some different aspects of those theories, which I never came across. I came to know that how their relativity and grouping are irrelevant and how some of them are astonishingly interrelated. Some of those theories, which made me a victim of cognitive dissonance, are given below. I will start with some basic theories. Classical conditioning and Operant Conditioning falls under the same group of theories. It is obvious that they are similar that’s why they belong to the same group. But if we take a closer look, we will find that they have little in common. Although apparently they look same. Classical conditioning deals with stimulus evoking a reaction. Operant conditioning on the other hand deals with improving of discourage a behavior. When I take a look at these two theories under the light of Aristotle’s four causes, I found that they very differently answer the causes. For example the final cause of classical conditioning is to evoke a reaction or response to a stimulus. This reaction will most probably out of control of the subject. On the other hand operant conditioning encourages a subject to exhibit a certain behavior to have reword or to stay away from the punishment. Now this encouragement to exhibit certain type of behavior is entire ly in the control of the subject. Subject might chose to act otherwise. These theories are again different in answering efficient cause. In classical conditioning the efficient cause is a stimulus, an event or a thing that evokes a reaction. On the other hand operant conditioning answer efficient cause with a reward or punishment. A reward cannot evoke a reaction. These two theories have little in common in formal cause. Both theories share behavior including physical action, but again a reaction is not deliberate. On the other hand a behavior for a reward will be deliberate. They might have something in

Strategic Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Strategic Planning - Essay Example The entrepreneur of the organization strongly believes that launching transportation service, incorporating leadership skills, personal development and healthy living training will offer these people a foundation for independent living. To fulfill these objectives the entrepreneur needs a strategic plan and an action plan for proper strategic plan implementation to develop this organization. This paper will make an attempt to form such a strategic plan and its implementation to achieve the objectives. Strategic planning TDL Ventures is an entrepreneurial non-profitable organization specially supporting the visually challenged persons. To develop business, this organization needs a strong strategic intent which will enable the organization to provide clarity about its actions to realize its future aspiration. This strategic intent will provide clarity, focus and inspiration at a time of hindrance to re-energize the staffs of this organization and rebuild the programs to achieve their vision and mission. Thus this organization needs to develop a plan with long-term view and take steps to implement this plan for effective and efficient functioning of the firm. To successfully achieve these long-term objectives TDL Ventures must develop strategic plans, operating plans, business plans and case statements. At first, a strategic plan has to be adopted which will guide the organization to effectively and efficiently fulfill its mission. It should mention the objectives of the organization and goals to be achieved. Then the prioritization of objectives along with mentioning the necessary steps of action and needful resources to achieve them are worked out. These strategic plans should be adopted for a longer time frame i.e. 3-5 years. Secondly, an operational plan needs to be formed to accomplish the goals mentioned precisely in the strategic plan. This plan will mention the time frames of the operations and the roles of individuals associated with it. This plan is gen erally for a short term period i.e. a fiscal year. After all these above mentioned plans are settled, the matter dealing with the performance and investments to generate income from the organizational services and products will get priority. To resolve this issue a business plan has to be formed which will include information about the services and products provided by TDL Ventures. It will also enable it to analyze the external environment and make assumption of the future revenue generation. The last and the most vital thing to be done is the formulation of case statement. It will help this organization in the fundraising and marketing issues. This case statement will mention the goals, strengths, capabilities and the benefits the organization provided to its clients. One of the major issues the case statement addresses is fund mobilization for TDL Ventures. It will enable it to secure funds from the NGOs, foundations, charitable trusts, corporate donations, charitable donors and the philanthropists. (Mittenthal, 2002; Sloner, Shepard, & Podolny, 2008, pp. 27-31) Implementation of the plans: Objectives of the organization TDL Ventures: To be a non-profitable organization providing social support to visually challenged people. To provide support for spiritual, physical and mental awakening of their clients. To develop the healthy and independent lifestyle within their clients. To guide their clients to achieve success in every aspects of life. Tasks and task ownership: In this

Comparison of Martin Luther King Jr and Malcom X Essay Example for Free

Comparison of Martin Luther King Jr and Malcom X Essay They were black men who had a dream, but never lived to see it fulfilled. One was a man who spoke out to all humanity, but the world was not yet ready for his peaceful words. I have a dream, a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed that all men are created equal. (Martin Luther King) The other, a man who spoke of a violent revolution, which would bring about radical change for the black race. Anything you can think of that you want to change right now, the only way you can do it is with a ballot or a bullet. And if youre not ready to get involved with either one of those, you are satisfied with the status quo. That means well have to change you. (Malcom X) While Martin Luther King promoted non-violence, civil rights, and the end to racial segregation, a man of the name of Malcom X dreamed of a separate nation. Martin Luther King, Jr. was the conscience of his generation. A Southerner, a black man, he gazed upon the great wall of segregation and saw that the power of love could bring it down. From the pain and exhaustion of his fight to free all people from the bondage of separation and injustice, he wrung his eloquent statement of what America could be. (Ansboro, pg. 1) An American clergyman and a Nobel Peace Prize winner, he was one of the principle leaders of the American Civil Rights Movement and a prominent advocate of nonviolent protest. Kings challenges to segregation and racial discrimination in the 1950s and 1960s, helped convince many white Americans to support the cause of civil rights in the United States. After his assassination in 1968, King became the symbol of protest in the struggle for racial justice. (King, Martin Luther, Jr. , pg. 1) In 1964, Malcom X founded an organization called The Muslim Mosque, Inc. In an interview conducted by A. B. Spellman on March 19, 1964, Malcom speaks of his goals for this organization. The Muslim Mosque, Inc. will have as its religious base the religion of Islam, which will be designed to propagate the moral reformations necesary to up the level of the so-called Negro community by eliminating the vices and other evils that destroy the moral fiber of the community. But the political philosophy of the Muslim Mosque will be black nationalism, as well as the social and economic philosophies. We still believe in the Honorable Elijah Muhammands solution as complete separation. The 22 million so-called Negroes should be separated completely from America and should be permitted to go back home to our native African homeland. (Breitmaned, pgs. 5-6) Perhaps the key to these two African-Americans leaders opposing goals lay within their very different pasts. Malcom X was born in Omaha as Malcom Little. Malcoms faith, a Baptist minister was an outspoken follower of Marcus Garvey, the black nationalist leader of the 1920s. The family moved to Lansing, Michigan, and when Malcom was six years old, his father was murdered after receiving threats from the Ku Klux Klan. Malcoms mother suffered a nervous breakdown and her eight children were taken by the welfare department. Malcom was sent first to a foster home and then to a reform school. After 8th grade, Malcom moved to Boston where he worked various jobs and eventually became involved in criminal activity. (Malcom X, pg. 1) In 1946, he was sentenced to prison for burglary. While in prison, Malcom became invested in the teachings of Elijah Muhammed, the leader of the black Muslims also called the Nation of Islam. Malcom spent his time in jail educating himself and learning more about the black Muslims, who advocated racial separation. When Malcom was released in 1952, he joined a black Muslim temple in Detroit and became the most prominent spokesperson for the Nation of Islam by the early 1960s. It was then that he took the name of Malcom X. (Malcom, pg. 1) Martin Luther King was born in Alanta, Georgia, the eldest son of Martin Luther King, Sr. a Baptist minister, and Alberta Williams King. King attended local segregated public schools, where he excelled. He entered nearby Morehouse College at age 15 and graduated with a bachelors degree in sociology in 1948. After graduating with honors from Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania in 1951, he went to Boston University where he earned a doctoral degree in systematic theology in 1955. (King, Martin Luther, Jr. , pg. 1) Throughout Kings education, he was exposed to influences that related Christian theology to the struggles of oppressed peoples. At Morehouse, Crozer, and Boston University, he studied the teachings on nonviolent Indian leader Mohandas Gandhi. King also read and heard the sermons of white Protestant ministers who preached against American racism. He was married in 1953, and in 1954, he accepted his first pastorate at the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama, a church of well-educated congretions that had recently by a minister who had protested against segregation. (King, Martin Luther, Jr. , pg. 1) Where as King was full of love, peace, respect, and compassion for his fellow white brother, Malcom X was full of hate, anger, and vengeance. He was a dark presence, an angry, cynical, implacable man whose good will or forgiveness or even pity the white race could neither earn nor buy. Coffee, he once remarked in an interview, is the only thing I like integrated. He also pleasantly mentioned that whites were inherently enemies of the Negroes and that integration was impossible without great bloodletting. Nonviolence was as he put it, a mealy-mouth, beg-in, wait-in, plead-in kind of action, and it was only a device for disarming the blacks. He also believed that everything we had heard to the contrary from the Martin Luther Kings and the Roy Wilkinses and the Whiteny Youngs was a deadly dangerous pack of lies. Thats etiquette, he said. Etiquette means to blend in with society. They are being polite. The average Negro doesnt even let another Negro know what he thinks, hes so mistrusting. Im black first- my whole objectives are black, my allegiance is black, my whole objectives are black. By me being a Muslim, Im not interested in American, because America has never been interested in me. (Goldman, pg. 5) Black blood, claimed Malcom X, is stronger than white. A person can have a teaspoon of black in him, and that makes him black. Black cant come from white, but white can come from black. That means black was first. If black is first, black is supreme and white is dependent on black. He meant to haunt whites, to play on their fears and quicken their guilt and deflate their dreams that everything was getting better- and he did. Americas problem is us. Malcom X told whites that if they argued that the sins of the past ought not to visited on them, he would reply: Your father isnt here to pay his debts. My father isnt here to collect, but Im here to collect, and youre here to pay. (Goldman, pgs. 6-9) Martin Luther King is known for his key role as president of the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA), the oganixation that directed the bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama. Montgomerys black community had long standing grievances about the mistreatment of blacks on the citys buses. Many white bus drivers treated blacks rudely, often cursing them and humiliating them by enforcing the citys segregation laws, which forced black riders to sit in the back of busses and give up their seats to white passengers on crowded busses. By the 1950s, Montgomerys blacks discussed boycotting the busses in an effort to gain better treatment- but not necessarily to end segregation. On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks, a leading member of the local branch of the NAACP, was ordered to give up her seat to a white passenger. When she refused, she was arrested and taken to jail. Local leaders of the NAACP, especially Edgar D. Nixon, recognized recently arrived Kings public speaking gifts as great assets in the battle for black civil rights in Montgomery. King was soon chosen as president of the MIA, the organization that directed the bus boycott.